Research progress on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of sanggenon C / 中国药房

Sanggenon C is a kind of flavonoid compound mainly extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Morus alba. The pharmacological effects and mechanisms of sanggenon C are systematically reviewed and summarized， and it is found that this component can improve pulmonary fibrosis by regulating transforming growth factor-β1 and nuclear factor-κB； it can exert anti- tumor effects by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells and inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells； it can exert cardioprotective， neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects by regulating multiple signaling pathways， such as calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells 2， peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α， and Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho-associated coiled- coil containing protein kinase， enhancing autophagy， reducing inflammatory response and reducing the level of oxidative stress； it can treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast uptake and promoting osteoblast formation； it has certain inhibitory effect on many enzymes； it can exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway； it can exert antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals. However， researches on the pharmacological effects of sanggenon C mostly focus on the cellular and animal field， and the specific mechanism of action is not yet clear. In the future， basic research and clinical trials are still needed to explore and verify.

Identification of constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients of protective effect on acute liver injury from Yin Chen Hao decoction based on UPLC-QTOF/MS / 药学学报

To identify the active constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients in vivo from Yin Chen Hao decoction provides scientific evidence for probing its prevention and treatment mechanism on acute liver injury. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was applied for analysis of Yin Chen Hao decoction and the serum samples of mice with con-A induced acute liver injury after preventive oral administration for 14 days (the use of all laboratory animals in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Naval Medical University, 19YF1459400). A total of 90 chemical constituents were identified from Yin Chen Hao decoction, mainly were flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, quinones. 5 prototype compounds were identified in the serum, including chrysophanol, deoxyrhapontin-8-O-gallate, mussaenosidic acid, herniarin, emodin. The established UPLC-QTOF/MS method could efficiently and sensitively identify the constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients of Yin Chen Hao decoction, primarily clarify the material basis of its hepatoprotective effect, and provided a scientific basis for the quality marker selection and the pharmacodynamic material basis research on the decoction.

Study on improvement effects of different polar parts from total flavonoids of Scutellaria amoena on non-alcoholic fatty liver model rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effects of different polar parts fro m total f lavonoids of Scutellaria amoena on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）model rats. METHODS The total flavonoids of S. amoena （SAF）were extracted by reflux extraction with ethanol ，suspended with water ，and then extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol in order to obtain the extraction parts of SAF （recorded as SAFA and SAFB respectively ）. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into normal group （n＝ 6）and modeling group （n＝30）. Modeling group was given high-lipid diet to induce NAFLD model. After modeling ，modeling group was randomly divided into model group （normal saline ），fenofibrate group （positive control ，20 mg/kg），SAF group （300 mg/kg），SAFA group （300 mg/kg）and SAFB group （300 mg/kg）；they were given relevant intragastical administration ，once a day，for consecutive 6 weeks. After last administration ，the liver index was calculated ；the levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triacylglycerol（TG），aspartate transaminase （AST），alanine transaminase （ALT），high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） in serum ，the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD），glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px），malondialdehyde（MDA），interleukin-1β（IL-1β），IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）in liver tissue were detected；the pathomorphological changes of liver tissue were observed. RESULTS Compared with normal group ，the liver index ， the levels of TC ，TG，AST，ALT，LDL-C，MDA，IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in serum/liver tissue of model group were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）， while the levels of HDL-C，SOD and GSH-Px were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，except there was no statistical significance in the serum levels of HDL-C and ALT in SAFA group （P＞0.05），above indexes in serum/liver tissue of rats in groups of polar parts from total flavonoids of S. amoena were significantly improved （P＜0.05）；inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty vacuoles in liver tissue were significantly improved. Compared with SAF group and SAFA group ，the levels of TC，TG，AST，MDA，IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased significantly in SAFB group（P＜0.05），while the level of SOD was increased significantly （P＜0.05）；pathomorphological changes of liver tissue were improved more significantly. CONCLUSIONS Each polar part from total flavonoids of S. amoena can improve NAFLD by regulating oxidative stress and inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors. The n-butanol polar part has more obvious effect .

Protective effects of aqueous extracts from Sedum sarmentosum growing under different light intensity on CCl_4-induced damage in HepG2 cells / 中国中药杂志

To explore the effect of light intensity in cultivating environment on the hepetoprotective activity of Sedum sarmentosum, S. sarmentosum were planted under five water treatments for 60 days, namely 100% full sunlight(G1), 77% full sunlight(G2), 60% full sunlight(G3), 38% full sunlight(G4), and 16% full sunlight(G5) and CCl_4 drug-induced liver injury model in vitro was used. Cell viability, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were individually detected by MTT, PI single staining, and Annexin-V FITC/PI double staining assays. Additionally, ALT, AST and antioxidant index in supernatant were determined by colorimetry. And the relationship among the protective effects, chemical composition and antioxidant activity were also analyzed. The results showed that S. sarmentosum aqueous extract could significantly improve the HepG2 cell viability. Among the five S. sarmentosum groups, the cell viability of G1(100% full sunlight) treatment was the highest, and the cell apoptosis was the least. Meanwhile, the level of ALT, AST, and MDA in G1 was the lowest, but it achieved the highest level of SOD and GSH. Moderate light shading(60% full light) also improved the effect of protecting liver and reducing the enzyme. It was found that cell viability was positively correlated with ferricion reducing capacity. ALT activity was positively correlated with isorhamnetin content. Taken together, different light intensity had great influence on hepatoprotective effect of S. sarmentosum, which may be related to its antioxidant capacity. From the perspective of hepetoprotective activity, S. sarmentosum should be planted under full light.

Research advances in chemical constituents and hepatoprotective effect of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus / 中国中药杂志

Schisandrae has a long history of medicinal use in China. Domestic and foreign scholars have isolated a variety of chemical constituents from Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, including lignans, volatile oils, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, organic acids, amino acids and so on. Pharmacological studies have shown that their alcohol extracts, water extracts, lignan monomers and polysaccharides could protect liver injury and reduce enzyme ability by a variety of hepatoprotective effects such as enzyme reducing, liver protecting, and antioxidant effect. In this paper, the researches on the chemical composition, hepatoprotective effect and pharmacokinetics of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus in the past forty years were systematically collated, in order to provide useful enlightenment for the clinical application and new drug development of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus in liver protection.

Effect of low-fat diets enriched with fruit purees on the biochemical markers of metabolic syndrome analogy induced-rats / Efecto de dietas bajas en grasa enriquecida con purés de frutas sobre marcadores bioquímicos en ratas inducidas con analogia a sindrome metabólico

Fruit purees can be added to diet as alternative sources of bioactive compounds for the prevention and/or improvement of the complications of metabolic syndrome. In this work we evaluated the effect of the intake of low-fat diets enriched with fruit purees (guava-strawberry, guava-blackberry, guava-soursop, guava-passion fruit) on the body weight and biochemical markers in metabolic syndrome analogy (MSA)-induced rats. The rats (n=6 for each treatment) were induced with a high fat diet and were injected with streptozotocin, one dose every week for 4 consecutive weeks after fasting overnight, then healthy rats were fed with standard diet and MS rats were fed with standard diet plus each of the fruit puree, for 4 weeks. As novel findings, the diet enriched with fruit purees was associated with a reduction in body weight (~13-21 %) and a control in the metabolism of glucose by decreasing plasma glucose (~5963 %). Also, there was a reduction in the total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoproteins, and low enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase, useful metabolites in the control of inflammatory processes in the liver. A notable improvement in the liver morphology was observed indicating that the treatments had a hepatoprotective effect. The diet enriched with guava-blackberry puree caused the best results on most biochemical markers of MS rats. Therefore, diets enriched with fruit purees can be an alternative for MS individuals for the control and improvement of the complications caused by this syndrome.

Los purés de frutas se pueden agregar a la dieta como fuentes alternativas de compuestos bioactivos para la prevención y / o mejora de las complicaciones del síndrome metabólico. En este trabajo evaluamos el efecto de la ingesta de dietas bajas en grasas, enriquecidas con purés de frutas (guayaba-fresa, guayaba-mora, guayaba-guanábana, guayaba-maracuyá) sobre el peso corporal y los marcadores bioquímicos en el síndrome metabólico (SM) inducido en ratas. Las ratas (n = 6 para cada tratamiento) fueron inducidas con una dieta alta en grasas y se les inyectó estreptozotocina, una dosis cada semana durante 4 semanas consecutivas después de ayunar durante la noche. Luego, las ratas sanas fueron alimentadas con una dieta estándar; y las ratas con SM fueron alimentadas con dieta estándar más cada uno de los purés de frutas, durante 4 semanas. Como hallazgos novedosos, la dieta enriquecida con purés de frutas se asoció con una reducción en el peso corporal (~ 13-21 %) y un control en el metabolismo de la glucosa al disminuir la glucosa en plasma (~ 59-63 %). Además, hubo una reducción en el colesterol total, triacilgliceroles, lipoproteínas de baja densidad, y bajas actividades enzimáticas de alanina aminotransferasa, fosfatasa alcalina y gama-glutamil transferasa, metabolitos útiles en el control de los procesos inflamatorios en el hígado. Se observó una mejora notable en la morfología del hígado, lo que indica que los tratamientos tuvieron un efecto hepatoprotector. La dieta enriquecida con puré de guayaba y mora causó los mejores resultados en la mayoría de los marcadores bioquímicos de las ratas con SM. Por lo tanto, las dietas enriquecidas con purés de frutas pueden ser una alternativa para las personas con SM, para el control y la mejora de las complicaciones causadas por este síndrome.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Portulacae Herba on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the effect and mechanism of Portulacae Herba protecting carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. Method::Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, silybin group (200 mg·kg-1) and Portulacae Herba high, medium, low (2, 1, 0.5 g·kg-1) dose groups. After continuous intragastric administration for 5 days, mice in each group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2% CCl4 peanut oil solution to establish acute liver injury model, except normal mice. After 23 hours of modeling, serum and liver tissue were collected. Fully automatic analysis of serum serum liver function indicators in mice. Liver tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) staining to observe liver pathological changes. RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to analyze differential genes and functional enrichment, real-time fluorescence quantification PCR(Real-time PCR) was used to verify the mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 family members(CYP)26A1, CYP2C37, CYP2C44, CYP2C50, CYP2C54. Result::Compared with normal group, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TBIL), malondialdehyde (MDA) in model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the activities of triglyceride (TG) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, Portulaca Herba significantly reduced ALT, AST, TBIL and MDA levels in mice with acute liver injury (P<0.05), significantly increased SOD activity (P<0.01), and decreased the degree of liver tissue damage in mice. Compared with normal group, the mRNA expressions of CYP2C44, CYP2C50 in mice with acute liver injury were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the mRNA expressions of CYP26A1, CYP2C37, CYP2C44, CYP2C50 and CYP2C54 were significantly increased in all dose groups of Portulaca Herba (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Portulacae Herba has significant protective effects on acute liver injury caused by CCl4, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of cytochrome P450 related genes.

Research progress in application and mechanism of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus for prevention and treatment of liver diseases / 中国中药杂志

Schisandra is the mature fruit of Schisandra chinensis(known as "north Schisandra") or S. shenanthera(known as "south Schisandra"). S. chinensis contains a variety of lignans, volatile oils, polysaccharides, organic acids and other chemical constituents; among them, lignans are recognized as the characteristic active components. Clinical studies have found that Schisandra and Schisandra-related products have a better effect in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, liver cirrhosis, liver failure and other liver diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Schisandra has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anticancer, regulation of nuclear receptor, antivirus, regulation of cytochrome P450 enzyme, inhibition of liver cell apoptosis and promotion of liver regeneration. This paper reviews the studies about the applications and mechanism of Schisandra in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, in the expectation of providing guidance for the development of hepatoprotective drugs from Schisandra and the clinical applications of Schisandra-related products.

Hepatoprotective effect of Alhagi sparsifolia against Alcoholic Liver injury in mice

Overconsumption of alcohol leads to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Natural compounds have been investigated previously for their hepatoprotective activities against liver injury. This study investigated the protective effect of Alhagi sparsifolia on ALD. Alcohol was administered to mice for three consecutive days; either alone or in combination with Alhagi sparsifolia extract (150, 300, 600 mg/kg). Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase as biomarkers of liver injury, the content of malonaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glutathione which indicated the redox status of liver and the antioxidant enzyme activity of super oxide dismutase were detected, respectively. Moreover, the expression of protein cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) the key enzyme of alcohol metabolism, and also tested by western blot experiment. Subsequently, the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors including TNF- α and TLR4 was determined real-time PCR. Results showed that Alhagi sparsifolia significantly alleviated alcohol-induced liver injury by reducing serum ALT and AST, inhibiting MDA and H2O2 content, increasing SOD, and GSH level in the liver (P< 0.05). In addition, the Alhagi sparsifolia treatment inhibited the expression of CYP2E1 (P< 0.05). The results suggest that Alhagi sparsifolia could be a promising natural substance for ameliorating acute alcohol-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury

Metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids: a novel method to assess hepatoprotective effect of Tanreqing capsule on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats / 中国天然药物

Tanreqing (TRQ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, can alleviate liver injury and improve liver function. Its pharmacological mechanisms of actions are still unclear due to its complex components and multi-target natures. Metabolomic study is an effective approach to investigating drug pharmacological actions, new diagnostic markers, and potential mechanisms of actions. In the present study, a new strategy was used to evaluate the protective effect of TRQ capsule against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, by analyzing metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids (BAs) along with biochemical and histological analyses. BAs concentrations were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were then employed to analyze the UPLC-MS results and compare the hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule in different groups at the doses of 0.36, 1.44, and 2.88 g·kg body weight, respectively. Moreover, our results suggested that taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurohyodesoxycholic acid (THDCA) were the most important biochemical markers, which were indicative of CCl-induced acute hepatic damage and hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule. Therefore, this new strategy would be an excellent alternative method for evaluating hepatoprotective effect and proposing potential mechanisms of action for other drugs as well.

Protective effects of Sedum sarmentosum under different soil moisture in CCl₄-induced damage in HepG2 cells / 中国中药杂志

At present, there were few studies about the effects of cultivation measures on the quality and pharmacological activity of medicinal plants. To explore the hepetoprotective activity of Sedum sarmentosum aqueous extracts after different water treatments, S. sarmentosum were planted under five water treatments for 60 days, namely 15%-20% FC (field capacity, S1), 35%-40% FC (S2), 55%-60% FC (S3), 75%-80% FC(S4), and 95%-100% FC (S5) and CCl₄ drug-induced liver injury model in vitro was used. Cell viability, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were individually detected by MTT, PI single staining, and Annexin-V FITC/PI double staining assays. Additionally, ALT, AST and antioxidant index in supernatant were determined by colorimetry. The results showed that, compared with the model group, S. sarmentosum aqueous extract could significantly improve the HepG2 cell viability. Among the five S. sarmentosum groups, the cell viability of S4 (75%-80% FC) treatment was the highest, and the cell apoptosis was the least. Meanwhile, the level of ALT, AST, and MDA in S4 was the lowest, but it achieved the highest level of SOD and GSH. Taken together, different water treatments had great influence on hepatoprotective effect of S. sarmentosum, and the soil moisture of the 75%-80% FC is beneficial to the hepetoprotective activity of S. sarmentosum.

Hepaprotective Effect of Standardized Ecklonia stolonifera Formulation on CCl₄-Induced Liver Injury in Sprague-Dawley Rats

The liver is an essential organ for the detoxification of exogenous xenobiotics, drugs and toxic substances. The incidence rate of non-alcoholic liver injury increases due to dietary habit change and drug use increase. Our previous study demonstrated that Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) formulation has hepatoprotective effect against alcohol-induced liver injury in rat and tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells. This present study was designated to elucidate hepatoprotective effects of ES formulation against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rat. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups. The rats were treated orally with ES formulation and silymarin (served as positive control, only 100 mg/kg/day) at a dose of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Seven days after treatment, liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl₄ (1.5 ml/kg, twice a week for 14 days). The administration of CCl₄ exhibited significant elevation of hepatic enzymes (like AST and ALT), and decrease of antioxidant related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and glutathione. Then, it leaded to DNA damages (8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde). Administration of ES formulation inhibited imbalance of above factors compared to CCl₄ induced rat in a dose dependent manner. Real time PCR analysis indicates that CYP2E1 was upregulated in CCl₄ induced rat. However, increased gene expression was compromised by ES formulation treatment. These findings suggests that ES formulation could protect hepatotoxicity caused by CCl₄ via two pathways: elevation of antioxidant enzymes and normalization of CYP2E1 enzyme.

Metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids: a novel method to assess hepatoprotective effect of Tanreqing capsule on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats / 中国天然药物

Tanreqing (TRQ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, can alleviate liver injury and improve liver function. Its pharmacological mechanisms of actions are still unclear due to its complex components and multi-target natures. Metabolomic study is an effective approach to investigating drug pharmacological actions, new diagnostic markers, and potential mechanisms of actions. In the present study, a new strategy was used to evaluate the protective effect of TRQ capsule against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, by analyzing metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids (BAs) along with biochemical and histological analyses. BAs concentrations were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were then employed to analyze the UPLC-MS results and compare the hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule in different groups at the doses of 0.36, 1.44, and 2.88 g·kg body weight, respectively. Moreover, our results suggested that taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurohyodesoxycholic acid (THDCA) were the most important biochemical markers, which were indicative of CCl-induced acute hepatic damage and hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule. Therefore, this new strategy would be an excellent alternative method for evaluating hepatoprotective effect and proposing potential mechanisms of action for other drugs as well.

Evaluation of in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Korean and Chinese Lonicera caerulea

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The honeysuckle berry (HB) contains ascorbic acid and phenolic components, especially anthocyanins, flavonoids, and low-molecular-weight phenolic acids. In order to examine the potential of HB as a hepatoprotective medicinal food, we evaluated the in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Korean HB (HBK) and Chinese HB (HBC). MATERIALS/METHODS: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts were examined in HepG2 and RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. The anti-oxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, SOD, CAT, and ARE luciferase activities. The production of nitric oxide (NO) as an inflammatory marker was also evaluated. The Nrf2-mediated mRNA levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (Nqo1), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) were measured. The concentrations of HB extracts used were 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 µg/mL. RESULTS: The radical scavenging activity of all HB extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). SOD (P < 0.05) and CAT (P < 0.01) activities were increased by treatment with 300 µg/mL of each HB extract, when compared to those in the control. NO production was observed in cells pretreated with 100 or 300 µg/mL of HBC and HBK (P < 0.01). Treatment with 300 µg/mL of HBC significantly increased Nqo1 (P < 0.01) and Gclc (P < 0.05) mRNA levels compared to those in the control. Treatment with 300 µg/mL of HBK (P < 0.05) and HBC (P < 0.01) also significantly increased the HO-1 mRNA level compared to that in the control. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the Korean and Chinese HBs were found to possess favorable in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Nrf2 and its related anti-oxidant genes were associated with both anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in HB-treated cells. Further studies are needed to confirm these in vivo effects.

Efecto hepatoprotector de una mezcla de siete plantas en cirrosis inducida con tetracloruro de carbono / Hepatoprotective effect of a mixture of seven plants in carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhosis

Introducción: las plantas medicinales han sido utilizadas con fines terapéuticos desde tiempos antiguos sobre diversas enfermedades, en este sentido, se han reportado por la medicina tradicional una gran variedad de plantas con actividad gastrointestinal y efecto hepatoprotector. Las plantas utilizadas en este estudio fueron Bidens odorata Cav. L., Tecoma stans L., Equisetum hyemale L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Cynaya scolymus L., Peumus boldus L. y Linum usitatissimum L. Objetivo: demostrar el efecto hepatoprotector de una mezcla de siete plantas (EHAM7) en ratas cirróticas inducidas con tetracloruro de carbono (CCl4). Métodos: se utilizaron las semillas de L. usitatissimum y las hojas y flores secas del resto de las plantas. Se formaron grupos de ratas control y ratas cirróticas con y sin tratamiento con la mezcla. A los animales cirróticos se les indujo el daño hepático intraperitonealmente con 0,2 mL de una mezcla de CCl4 y aceite mineral. Por otra parte, se les administraron oralmente 200 mg/kg del EHAM 7 re-suspendido en solución salina durante una semana y posteriormente cada tercer día durante ocho semanas. Los animales fueron sacrificados y se determinó el perfil hepático (transaminasas, bilirrubina y proteínas) y lipídico (triglicéridos, colesterol y lipoproteínas) en muestras de suero sanguíneo; el hígado se utilizó para los estudios histológicos. Resultados: el EHAM7 mostró efecto hepatoprotector en los animales cirróticos sobre los parámetros séricos correspondientes al perfil hepático y al perfil lipídico, lo cual se correlaciona con las características histológicas del hígado. Conclusión: el EHAM7 presenta efecto hepatoprotector en ratas cirróticas inducidas con CCl4, debido a que dicha mezcla presenta compuestos polifenólicos con actividad antioxidante(AU

Introduction: Medicinal plants have been used for therapeutic purposes against a great variety of diseases since ancient times. A large number of plants with gastrointestinal activity and hepatoprotective effect have been used in traditional medicine. The plants examined in the present study were Bidens odorata Cav. L., Tecoma stans L., Equisetum hyemale L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Cynaya scolymus L., Peumus boldus L. and Linum usitatissimum L. Objective: Demonstrate the hepatoprotective effect of a mixture of seven plants (EHAM7) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced cirrhotic rats. Methods: The study used seeds of L. usitatissimum and dry flowers and leaves of the remaining plants. Groups were formed of control and cirrhotic rats with and without treatment with the mixture. Hepatic damage was induced intraperitoneally into the cirrhotic animals with 0.2 ml of a mixture of CCl4 and mineral oil. The rats were also administered 200 mg/kg EHAM7 resuspended in saline solution orally during a week and then every third day during eight weeks. The animals were sacrificed and determination was made of the hepatic profile (transaminases, bilirubin and proteins) and lipid profile (triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins) in blood serum samples. The liver was preserved for histological examination. Results: EHAM7 was found to have an hepatoprotective effect on the serum parameters corresponding to the hepatic and lipid profiles of cirrhotic animals, which correlates with the histological characteristics of the liver. Conclusion: EHAM7 has a hepatoprotective effect in CCl4 induced cirrhotic rats, since the mixture contains polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity(AU)

Research Progress in the Inhibitory Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Carbon Tetrachloride In-duced Acute Liver Injury / 中国药师

Liver diseases are serious diseases harmful for human health. CCl4 induced liver injury, as a classic liver injury model, has been widely used in the screening of hepatoprotective drugs. This paper reviewed the research progress in the hepatoprotective effect of traditional Chinese medicines ( TCMs) on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in recent years, which can provide basis for searching TC-Ms with high efficiency and low toxicity and lay foundation for TCMs in the treatment of liver diseases.

Research progress on iridoids in Gentiana L / 中草药

Gentiana L. is the largest genera in Gentianaceae. Plants in Gentiana L. contain a lot of chemical constituents with pharmacological activities, especially iridoids. Iridoids has good hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiviral, and other pharmacological effects. This article summarizes the research progress of iridoids in plants from Gentiana L., which provide references for the studies of chemical constituents in Gentiana L. and the exploitation of medicinal resources.

Medical plant extracts and natural compounds with a hepatoprotective effect against damage caused by antitubercular drugs: A review

Drug-induced liver injury encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to acute liver failure; example of this scenery is hepatotoxicity caused by the first-line antituberculous drugs isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide, which are basic for treatment of drug-sensible and drug-resistant tuberculosis. In the search for pharmacological alternatives to prevent liver damage, antitubercular drugs have been the subject of numerous studies and published reviews, a great majority of them carried out by Asian countries. At the same time, hepatoprotectors from plant source are now emerging as a possible alternative to counteract the toxic effects of these therapeutic agents. The present review aims to highlight the most recent studies on the subject, based information published in scientific databases such as Scopus and PubMed.

Evaluation of methanol extract of Polygonum minus Huds. leaves for its hepatoprotective activity

Aims: Hepatotoxicity is a serious health risk and treatment options are inadequate. Polygonum minus Huds. (Family: Polygonaceae) is an antioxidant rich, commonly available plant in Malaysia and used in the Malay folk medicine. The leaves are also considered as one of the salad plants and flavouring agent for food delicacies. The present study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of P. minus leaves on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Methodology and results: Methanol extract of P. minus (MEPM) was prepared by maceration method. The standard drug and MEPM treated groups of rats were administered with silymarin (50 mg/kg) or MEPM (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg), respectively for 14 days in both experimental models. All the animals in the CCl4-induced model were administered CCl4 and paracetamol in the other model except to respective normal control group to induce liver toxicity. Estimation of body weight and liver weight, biochemical parameters including total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin levels and histopathological studies were conducted. The MEPM was found to have significant hepatoprotective activity in rats with CCl4 and paracetamol-induced liver damage as noted from the analysis of body weight, serum marker enzyme activity and histopathology. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The MEPM possesses significant hepatoprotective activity while the activity is increased with dose in both experimental models. Inclusion of P. minus leaves in the food may be recommended as it may help to counteract different types of chemical-induced liver damage.

Advance in studies on chemical constituents of Cichorii Herba and their pharmacological effects / 中草药

Cichorium intybus which is widely distributed in China, has been used as Uygur folk medicines for years. From the phytochemical view, the second metabolites such as polysaccharides, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and sesquiterpene lactone had been reported from this species. The pharmacological research mainly focused on their hepatoprotective, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antihyperuricemic activities. The present paper reviews the phytochemistry and biological activities of C. intybus through accessing Web of Science and multiple databases for biomedical sciences.